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Decision Tree

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Modified on 2010/05/09 18:59 by Administrator Categorized as Data Mining

Training Dataset

This follows an example from Quinlan’s ID3

Image

Algorithm for Decision Tree Induction

Basic algorithm (a greedy algorithm)

  • Tree is constructed in a top-down recursive divide-and-conquer manner
  • At start, all the training examples are at the root
  • Attributes are categorical (if continuous-valued, they are discretized in advance)
  • Examples are partitioned recursively based on selected attributes
  • Test attributes are selected on the basis of a heuristic or statistical measure (e.g., information gain)

Conditions for stopping partitioning

  • All samples for a given node belong to the same class
  • There are no remaining attributes for further partitioning – majority voting is employed for classifying the leaf
  • There are no samples left

Attribute Selection Measure: Information Gain (ID3/C4.5)

  • Select the attribute with the highest information gain
  • S contains si tuples of class Ci for i = {1, …, m}
  • information measures info required to classify any arbitrary tuple
    Image
  • entropy of attribute A with values {a1,a2,…,av}
    Image
  • information gained by branching on attribute A
    Image

Attribute Selection by Information Gain Computation

  • Class P: buys_computer = “yes”
  • Class N: buys_computer = “no”
  • I(p, n) = I(9, 5) =0.940
  • Compute the entropy for age:
    Image

Image
Image means “age <=30” has 5 out of 14 samples, with 2 yes’es and 3 no’s. Hence Image

Similarly, Image

Output: A Decision Tree for “buys_computer”

Image






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